Part 1 — Questions 1 to 20
1. Newton’s First Law of Motion is also referred to as the law of:
Correct Answer: B) Inertia
Newton’s First Law says an object resists changes to its motion. That tendency to resist change is called inertia.
2. Newton’s First Law of Motion states that objects in motion remain in motion and objects at rest stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. This statement is called the law of:
Correct Answer: B) Inertia
This restates the same idea. Objects keep their current state until a net external force changes it.
3. Sara jumped off her row boat into the lake. As she pushed forward the boat moved backward. Which Newton’s law explains this?
Correct Answer: D) Third Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Sara pushed the boat forward, the boat pushed her backward.
4. The energy of an object resulting solely from motion is:
Correct Answer: A) Kinetic energy
Energy due to motion is kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored; mechanical is total energy.
5. Two objects dropped from the same height with no air resistance. One is 12 g and the other is 6 kg. Which hits ground first?
Correct Answer: C) Both at same time
Without air resistance, gravity accelerates all masses equally, so fall time depends only on height.
6. Which atmospheric layer contains all weather and water vapor where weather takes place?
Correct Answer: A) Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer and contains the water vapor, clouds, and weather systems.
7. Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?
Correct Answer: B) Stratosphere
The ozone layer sits in the stratosphere above the troposphere and protects Earth from UV radiation.
8. The tilt of Earth’s rotational axis toward or away from the sun causes:
Correct Answer: A) Seasons
Axial tilt changes solar heating of hemispheres across the year, creating seasons.
9. The Big Bang theory is a model used to explain the:
Correct Answer: C) Origin of the universe
Big Bang theory explains how the universe began and expanded from a very dense state.
10. A sudden intense brightening from a small area of the Sun’s surface is called a:
Correct Answer: C) Solar flare
Solar flares are brief, intense bursts of radiation on the Sun’s surface. Sunspots are cooler dark areas.
11. Which of the following is equal to the atomic number of a chemical element?
Correct Answer: A) Number of protons
Atomic number counts protons and defines the element.
12. Which of the following has the biggest impact on how well an atom will bond with other atoms?
Correct Answer: B) Number of electrons in the outer valence
Chemical bonding is governed by valence electrons, not neutrons or atomic mass.
13. When sodium atoms form sodium ions, they:
Correct Answer: C) Lose electrons
Sodium loses one electron to become a positively charged ion (Na+).
14. When combined, which two substances neutralize each other?
Correct Answer: B) An acid and a base
An acid and a base react to form water and a salt, neutralizing each other.
15. NaCl is more commonly known as:
Correct Answer: C) Salt
NaCl stands for sodium chloride, which is table salt.
16. Salt helps melt ice because it:
Correct Answer: C) Lowers the temperature at which water freezes
Salt lowers the freezing point of water so ice melts at lower temperatures.
17. Air is less dense than water because:
Correct Answer: B) Its molecules are farther apart
Gas molecules occupy more volume for the same mass, so density is lower than liquid.
18. On a Fahrenheit thermometer the boiling point of water at sea level is:
Correct Answer: C) 212 degrees
Water boils at 212 °F at standard pressure.
19. 100 °C is equal to:
Correct Answer: D) 212 °F
Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion shows that 100 °C equals 212 °F, water’s boiling point.
20. Which of these reduces friction?
Correct Answer: C) Ball bearings
Ball bearings let surfaces roll rather than slide, lowering friction.