Part 4 — Questions 61 to 71
61. What is the function of an alternator?
Correct Answer: C) Charge the battery and power electrical systems
The alternator generates electrical power to recharge the battery and run vehicle electronics.
62. Which of these tools has a part known as the claw?
Correct Answer: D) Hammer
A claw hammer has a curved claw used for pulling nails.
63. Where does combustion take place in a car engine?
Correct Answer: D) In the cylinder
Fuel-air mixture ignites in the cylinder, pushing the piston and producing power.
64. Extending the reach of a crane will shift its:
Correct Answer: C) Center of gravity
Extending the boom moves mass outward and changes the average location of weight, affecting stability.
65. Hydraulic lift problem: To do the same amount of work, how must forces relate?
Correct Answer: B) Force 2 smaller than Force 1 but over larger distance
Hydraulic systems trade force for distance. Pressure transmits equally; a smaller force applied over a larger distance can lift a larger force over a smaller distance.
66. What type of gear arrangement converts rotation to linear motion like in steering?
Correct Answer: C) Rack and pinion
A pinion (circular gear) meshes with a linear rack to convert rotation into straight-line motion.
67. What do a hydrogen molecule and an oxygen molecule have in common?
Correct Answer: A) Atomic structure
All atoms share the same basic components: protons, neutrons, and electrons, though quantities differ by element.
68. Which of the following actions produces a chemical change?
Correct Answer: B) Burning rice
Burning is combustion and generates new chemical products like ash and gases.
69. The principal gas in Earth’s atmosphere is:
Correct Answer: C) Nitrogen
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere by volume.
70. The chemical formula of a compound describes the ratio of elements in the compound. (reinforced)
Correct Answer: A) True
A chemical formula indicates how many atoms of each element are present in a molecule.
71. NaCl is salt. (reinforced)
Correct Answer: A) True
NaCl stands for sodium chloride, which is common table salt.
Quick revision, formulas, and tricks for fast ASVAB review
- Newton’s laws quick recall
- First law: objects resist change (inertia).
- Second law: F = m × a. To find mass use m = F / a.
- Third law: action equals opposite reaction.
- Kinetic energy: K = 1/2 m v² — energy from motion increases with speed squared.
- Gravity and free fall: In vacuum, g ≈ 9.8 m/s². Fall time depends on height only.
- Gas laws (simple): Boyle’s Law (constant T): P1 V1 = P2 V2 (pressure and volume inversely proportional).
- Electricity quick checks:
- Power: P = V × I (watts).
- Ohm’s law: V = I × R.
- Ratios and percent tricks: Simplify ratios by dividing by GCF. Percent → decimal: move decimal two places left (12% → 0.12).
- Area: Rectangle area = length × width.
- Units & conversions: Celsius to Fahrenheit: F = (C × 9/5) + 32. Example: 100 °C = 212 °F.
- Chemistry hints: Atomic number = number of protons. Valence electrons govern bonding. Organic compounds require carbon.
- Biology quick rules: Phenotype = appearance; genotype = genes. Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells; mitosis makes 2 diploid identical cells.
- Test-taking tricks: Read the question first, eliminate obviously wrong choices, estimate in math problems, watch units, and use synonyms for vocab questions.
- Memory helpers:
- Taxonomy: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
- Food chain levels: Producer → Primary consumer → Secondary → Tertiary → Quaternary.
- Atmosphere layers from ground up: Troposphere → Stratosphere → Mesosphere → Thermosphere.