Mechanical Comprehension

ASVAB Mechanical Comprehension – Part 2

ASVAB Mechanical Comprehension – Part 2

ASVAB Mechanical Comprehension

21. A rigid beam balanced in the center with effort applied opposite to the load represents which lever?

A. Fulcrum
B. First-class lever
C. Second-class lever
D. Third-class lever
Correct Answer: B. First-class lever
In a first-class lever the fulcrum is between effort and load. Examples include seesaws and crowbars.

22. A lever in equilibrium has an effort of 40 ft·lb and a resistance of 8 ft·lb. What is the mechanical advantage?

A. 0.8
B. 0.05
C. 0.1
D. 0.2
Correct Answer: D. 0.2
Mechanical advantage MA = output force ÷ input force = 8 ÷ 40 = 0.2.

23. An 80-lb child sits on one end of a seesaw. Another 80-lb child jumps down onto the other end from a platform. What is most likely to happen immediately after landing?

A. The first child will stay stationary
B. The second child will bounce off the seesaw
C. The first child will be launched upward into the air
D. The first child will be lifted but remain seated
Correct Answer: C. The first child will be launched upward into the air
The added downward impulse from the jumping child provides extra force beyond their static weight, producing a sudden upward acceleration of the other end and likely launching the seated child off the seesaw.

24. At minimum, how many pulleys are in a block and tackle system?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Correct Answer: B. Two
A block and tackle uses at least two pulleys – one fixed and one movable – to provide mechanical advantage.

25. In a double-pulley system, how much force is needed to lift a 10 kg weight?

A. 2 kg force
B. 5 kg force
C. 10 kg force
D. 20 kg force
Correct Answer: B. 5 kg force
A double-pulley system gives a mechanical advantage of 2, so the required effort is half the load: 10 kg ÷ 2 = 5 kg force.

26. Which statement about a simple fixed pulley is false?

A. Has a mechanical advantage of 1
B. Work output equals work input (neglecting friction)
C. This is a movable pulley configuration
D. This is a fixed pulley configuration
Correct Answer: C. This is a movable pulley configuration
A simple fixed pulley does not move with the load, so calling it movable is false. It changes force direction but not magnitude.

27. A 500-pound block is pulled up an incline 24 ft long that rises 6 ft. Neglect friction. How much force is needed to move the block up the incline?

A. 125 lb
B. 144 lb
C. 476 lb
D. 500 lb
Correct Answer: A. 125 lb
Mechanical advantage MA = ramp length ÷ rise = 24 ÷ 6 = 4. Required force = weight ÷ MA = 500 ÷ 4 = 125 lb.

28. If a wedge is made longer relative to its height, how does required force change for horizontal movement?

A. The amount of lift is decreased as the wedge is moved horizontally
B. The amount of lift is increased as the wedge is moved horizontally
C. The amount of lift is decreased as the wedge is moved vertically
D. The amount of lift is increased as the wedge is moved vertically
Correct Answer: A. The amount of lift is decreased as the wedge is moved horizontally
A longer, shallower wedge reduces the force per unit horizontal movement, so the lift per horizontal movement is decreased. In other words, a less steep wedge trades force for distance.

29. The well uses what simple machine to raise and lower a bucket?

A. Block and tackle
B. Third-class lever
C. Wedge
D. Wheel and axle
Correct Answer: D. Wheel and axle
Turning the wheel rotates an axle that winds the rope and raises the bucket. That is the wheel-and-axle simple machine.

30. In which direction does friction act on a skier going downhill?

A. Uphill
B. Downhill
C. Same as velocity
D. None
Correct Answer: A. Uphill
Friction always opposes motion. For a skier moving downhill, friction acts uphill, opposing the skier’s downward motion.

31. Extending the reach of a crane will shift its:

A. Center of gravity
B. Center of mass
C. Weight
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A. Center of gravity
Extending the boom changes the distribution of mass and shifts the center of gravity. The crane’s total weight stays the same, but the balance point moves.

32. Which shelf supports the most weight: one supported at both ends, one supported at center, or one supported at one end only?

A. Supported at center
B. Supported at one end only
C. Supported at both ends
D. All support equal weight
Correct Answer: C. Supported at both ends
Supports at both ends distribute load across the span and resist bending better than center-only or one-end support.

33. What is tensile strength?

A. Resistance to bending
B. Resistance to breaking under tension
C. Weight per unit length
D. Conductivity of material
Correct Answer: B. Resistance to breaking under tension
Tensile strength measures the maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing.

Quick Study Notes & Formula Reference

Study Tricks

Group similar topics together while you study: hydraulics and pressure questions, then gears and rotation, then levers and pulleys. This helps build patterns for the ASVAB mechanical comprehension section.

For gear problems, always write the teeth ratio and remember small gear speed = (big gear revolutions) × (big gear teeth ÷ small gear teeth).

For pulleys and inclined planes, convert the system to mechanical advantage first, then divide weight by MA to find required effort.

For lever problems, sketch fulcrum, load, and effort. Identify lever class by the relative positions: class I fulcrum between load and effort; class II load between fulcrum and effort; class III effort between fulcrum and load.

Essential Formulas to Memorize

Work: W = F × d (joules)
Pressure: P = F ÷ A (psi or Pa)
Kinetic energy: KE = ½ m v² → so 2 KE = m v²
Potential energy (grav): PE = m g h
Momentum: p = m v
Gear ratio (teeth): speed ratio = teeth_big ÷ teeth_small (inverse for revolutions)
Inclined plane mechanical advantage: MA = length ÷ height
Horsepower conversion: 1 hp ≈ 746 watts

Key Points and Exam Tips

Units matter. Convert consistently before plugging into formulas.

For speed/energy problems, mass often cancels when conserving energy, so numeric speed can be found without mass.

For rotation problems, note direction alternates with each meshing gear.

When a question mentions “double pulley” or “block and tackle,” check whether the system gives MA = 2 or more.

For hydraulics, remember pressure transmits equally; force is scaled by piston area while work is conserved (smaller force over larger distance).

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You cannot copy content of this page